![]() The guideline applies to all settings in which NHS care is provided, and to settings in which eating disorders might be identified. Given the high level of physical complications and psychological comorbidities, recommendations on care cover both physical care and psychological interventions. The guideline makes recommendations for different stages of the care process on identifying eating disorders, ensuring patient safety, supporting people with an eating disorder and their family members and carers, and ensuring people have access to evidence-based care. It does not cover avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, rumination disorder, or obesity in people who do not have an eating disorder. This guideline covers identifying, assessing, diagnosing, treating and managing eating disorders in people of all ages. Eating disorders are long-lasting conditions if they are not treated. ![]() Each disorder is associated with poor quality of life, social isolation, and a substantial impact for family members and carers. Most people with an eating disorder meet diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). About 15% of people with an eating disorder have anorexia nervosa, which is also more common in younger people. Eating disorders most commonly start in adolescence, but can also start during childhood or adulthood. However, recent community-based epidemiological studies suggest that as many as 25% of people with an eating disorder are male. Using figures for UK hospital admissions from 2012 to 2013, the eating disorders charity BEAT estimated that there were over 725,000 people with an eating disorder in the UK, approximately 90% of whom were female. There are also other physical complications (such as osteoporosis) and psychiatric comorbidities (such as anxiety disorders) that affect the wellbeing and recovery of people with an eating disorder and raise the cost of treatment. This is most common in people with anorexia nervosa. The emotional and physical consequences of these beliefs and behaviours maintain the disorder and result in a high mortality rate from malnutrition, suicide and physical issues (such as electrolyte imbalances). They can cause people to adopt restricted eating, binge eating and compensatory behaviours (such as vomiting and excessive exercise). doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.10.Eating disorders are defined by the negative beliefs and behaviours they cause people to have about themselves and their eating, body shape and weight. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Thomas JJ, Becker KR, Breithaupt L, et al. Pica in persons with developmental disabilities: Approaches to treatment. Matson JL, Hattier MA, Belva B, Matson ML. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. Pica in people with intellectual disability: a literature review of aetiology, epidemiology and complications. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research. Pica in children with tetralogy of Fallot: Report of two cases. Pica: an age-old eating disorder that's often missed. Hartmann AS, Becker AE, Hampton C, Bryant-Waugh R. International Journal of Eating Disorders. Development of the Pica, ARFID, and rumination disorder interview, a multi‐informant, semi‐structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: A pilot study for ages 10–22. American Psychiatric Association 2013.Ĭall C, Walsh BT, Attia E. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Pica disorder among African American women: A call for action and further research. Epidemiology of eating disorders in Africa. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. Thus, simply put, pica is a compulsive appetite for items that are not food. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021 28: 39– 55. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2491 What is Pica According to APA, pica is an eating disorder characterized by a constant craving for inedible substances like paint, hair, dirt, starch, and more.Although these items vary from person to person, most individuals with pica will still eat normal food items. ![]() A systematic review of the effectiveness of behavioural treatments for pica in youths. Moline, R, Hou, S, Chevrier, J, Thomassin, K. Handbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Treatment. Pica in individuals with developmental disabilities. Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed - an update review.
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